Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Adenosine deaminase modulates metabolic remodeling and orchestrates joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94607-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Showing ADA Activity and Cytokine levels in Rheumatoid arthritis patients. ( a ) ADA activity in RA patients representing group with Low ADA and High ADA when compared to healthy controls. ( b ) ADA activity of two isoenzymes ADA 1 and ADA 2 (*representing a p value of ≤ 0.05) ( c ) Levels of Cytokines in the serum of RA patients. ( d ) One-way ANOVA analysis of Cytokines and ADA levels in healthy controls, Low ADA and High ADA RA patients. (p-value of ≤ 0.05 is considered significant). All the plots were made using Origin 2020.

Article Snippet: TNFα (Cat. No. CHC1753), TGFβ (Cat. No. CHC1683), IFNγ (Cat. No. CHC1233), and IL-10 (Cat. No. CHC1323) (Invitrogen Cytoset Antibody Pair Kit , California, USA) and IL-6 (Cat. No. 900 M16) and sRANKL (Cat. No. 900 M142) (Peprotech Mini ABTS ELISA Kit, New Jersey, USA) were estimated using manufacturers’ protocols and calculated by the 4-parameter curve-fit method.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Adenosine deaminase modulates metabolic remodeling and orchestrates joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94607-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: ADA is involved in joint remodeling in rheumatoid arthritis—in vitro studies to investigate the role of ADA in joint remodeling in the affected joint. ( a ) Increased proliferation of Synoviocytes, ( b ) Decreased cell viability in primary chondrocytes. ( c ) Increased Osteoclast differentiation of macrophages and ( d ) qPCR analysis showing the expression of osteoclast markers after 72 h exposure to ADA. ( e ) Increased cytokine levels in the spent medium after 72 exposure to ADA. ( f ) P2Y 2 , P2Y 4 , and P2Y 6 receptor expression in macrophages after 72 h of ADA exposure. (showing *representing a p value of ≤ 0.05, and **representing a p value of ≤ 0.005). ( g ) Increased ROS in macrophages after ADA exposure (p values of ADA to CTRL on all time points are ≤ 0.005). All the plots were made using Origin 2020.

Article Snippet: TNFα (Cat. No. CHC1753), TGFβ (Cat. No. CHC1683), IFNγ (Cat. No. CHC1233), and IL-10 (Cat. No. CHC1323) (Invitrogen Cytoset Antibody Pair Kit , California, USA) and IL-6 (Cat. No. 900 M16) and sRANKL (Cat. No. 900 M142) (Peprotech Mini ABTS ELISA Kit, New Jersey, USA) were estimated using manufacturers’ protocols and calculated by the 4-parameter curve-fit method.

Techniques: In Vitro, Expressing

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Auxiliary Biomembranes as a Directional Delivery System To Control Biological Events in Cell-Laden Tissue-Engineering Scaffolds

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00502

Figure Lengend Snippet: Release of IL-4 and VEGF from gelatin/HA-tyr films. (A, B) Schematic representation of different loading ways of growth factors inside gelatin/HA-tyr cross-linked films. Release profile determined by the ELISA test over 144 h for VEGF (C, D) and IL-4 (E, F) at 37 °C in PBS. For C–F, fresh supernatant was added after each record and three samples for each condition were used.

Article Snippet: The levels of cytokines were measured with ELISA Development Kits (VEGF, IL-4, IL1-RA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, CCL18, PeproTech).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay